The nutritional value of crickets can be improved with gut-loading and dusting. Crickets provide a decent source of protein, their nutritional value can be limited due to deficiencies in essential nutrients like calcium, vitamin A, and omega-3 fatty acids. Gut-loading and dusting practices improve crickets’ nutritional value.
Crickets are one of the most widely available and popular feeder insects for bearded dragons and other reptiles. Crickets are widely bred and sold in pet stores, online marketplaces, and zoos, making them a convenient option for feeding reptiles and amphibians.
In this post, we provide science-backed recipes that significantly enhance the value of crickets, making them more nutritious for your reptile. These easy-to-follow recipes will help enhance the nutrients your bearded dragon receives for optimal health.
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Key Points
- Boost your reptile’s nutrition with the easy gut-loading recipes for crickets. These insects are packed with omega-3s, calcium, and vitamins, enhancing their value as feeder insects.
- Crickets provide a good source of protein but lack essential nutrients like calcium and vitamins.
- Proper supplementation boosts the nutritional value of crickets, improving calcium, vitamins, and omega-3 levels.
- Gut-loading crickets with beta-carotene-rich vegetables like carrots helps increase vitamin A levels, which are vital for your reptile’s vision and skin health.
- Over-supplementation of vitamins and minerals can harm your pet’s health, so balance is critical.
- Feeding a variety of gut-loaded and dusted insects, including crickets, ensures your reptile gets the nutrients it needs.
The Value of Crickets as Popular Feeder Insects
Crickets are considered as a staple insects for bearded dragons but should not be used as a sole feeder insect. Crickets may be favored for their availability and the ease with which they can be gut-loaded with additional nutrition however they should not be more than 50% of the diet (Barten, 2006).
The value of crickets in bearded dragon diets is linked to their availability and decent levels of protein and lower levels of fat compared to other feeder insects like mealworms. However, crickets are lacking in essential nutrients like calcium and vitamins, which limits their nutritional value and often requires supplementation (Livingston et al., 2014).
Crickets are easy to care for and relatively hardy, thriving in simple enclosures. Their active feeding behavior encourages hunting instincts in reptiles, adding to their value. Gut-loading them improves their nutrient content before being fed to reptiles, further increasing their value as a reliable food source.
Crickets have a great gut capacity useful in gut-loading to provide your bearded dragon with extra goodies. In Attard’s (2013) research, Finke (personal communication, September 2005) reported that gut-loading content makes up approximately 11-13% of the dry matter (DM) weight of adult crickets and 13-15% of the dry matter weight of nymphal crickets.
Why Crickets are Poor Nutritional Value as is
Macronutrients: Protein, Fat, and Carbohydrates: Crickets offer protein, fat, and carbohydrates, with the exact composition varying based on their diet and environmental conditions. Protein is a major component, making crickets a staple for insectivores that rely on protein-rich diets. However, crickets‘ value is often compromised by their low calcium content.
| Macronutrient | As is (per 100g) | Dry basis (per 100g) |
|---|---|---|
| Protein | 16.5 g | 60 g |
| Fat | 7.9 g | 28.6 g |
| Carbohydrates | Minimal | Minimal |
Essential Minerals: Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium: One of the biggest concerns about the value of crickets is their low calcium content. Calcium is crucial for bearded dragons and other reptiles, particularly for their skeletal health. The phosphorus content in crickets is high compared to calcium, leading to an imbalance. Magnesium levels in crickets are also low, further affecting the nutritional value of crickets.
The calcium content in crickets can be as low as 0.5% on a dry matter basis (DMB) (Livingston et al., 2014). This deficiency can lead to metabolic bone disease and other health issues in captive animals without supplementation.
The calcium-to-phosphorus ratio in crickets is imbalanced (1:6), while most reptiles require a 2:1 ratio for proper bone development and health (Finke, 2015; Livingston et al., 2014).
Supplementation is essential to correct the low calcium and high phosphorus levels in crickets.
| Mineral | Content (mg per 100g, as-is) | Dry Basis Content (mg per 100g) A. domesticus | Dry Basis Content (mg per 100g) G . Bimaculatus | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium (Ca) | 36.6 | 131-150 | 105 | Naturally deficient, requiring supplementation. |
| Phosphorus (P) | 219 | 783-899 | 702 | High phosphorus levels create a poor calcium-to-phosphorus ratio. |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 19.3 | 69-136 | 73 | Supports metabolism but is not as critical as calcium and phosphorus. |
| Sodium (Na) | 101 | 89 | Essential for nerve function and fluid balance. | |
| Potassium (K) | 381-390 | 321 | Crucial for heart function and muscle contraction. | |
| Iron (Fe) | 6.8-9 | 7 | Necessary for blood production and oxygen transport. | |
| Copper (Cu) | 4.8 | 3 | Important for iron metabolism and nerve function. | |
| Zinc (Zn) | 20 | 14 | Vital for immune system and enzyme functions. | |
| Manganese (Mn) | 3.4 | Essential for bone formation, enzyme function, and antioxidant defense. |
Vitamins: Vitamin A, Vitamin D, and Vitamin E: Crickets lack adequate levels of essential vitamins such as Vitamin A, Vitamin D, and Vitamin E, which further reduces their value as a complete food source for reptiles. Vitamin A deficiencies can cause serious health issues, such as vision problems and skin disorders (Livingston et al., 2014).
| Vitamin | Amount (per 100g, as is) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin A | Undetectable | Not naturally present in crickets. |
| Vitamin D3 | Absent | No natural Vitamin D3 content |
| Vitamin E | 5.37 IU | Found in moderate levels. |
| Beta-Carotene | 0.272 mg | A carotenoid precursor to Vitamin A in some species. |
| Lutein | 0.0204 mg | A carotenoid known to benefit eye health. |
| Zeaxanthin | Minimal | A carotenoid present in trace amounts. |
Carotenoids: Lutein, β-Carotene, β-Cryptoxanthin, Canthaxanthin: Carotenoids play a critical role in supporting reptile health, particularly in enhancing vision, skin health, and overall immune system function. These compounds include Lutein, β-Carotene, β-Cryptoxanthin, and Canthaxanthin, each contributing unique benefits. Lutein and β-Carotene are particularly vital for eye health and as precursors to Vitamin A, respectively, while Canthaxanthin is another type of carotenoid often used as a color enhancer in the feed industry.
The data from Ogilvy et al., 2011, indicates that dietary choices significantly influence the carotenoid content in crickets. Crickets consuming a vegetable diet of chopped raw carrot, savoy cabbage and red bell peppers (capsicums) show a significant improvement in carotenoids compared to those fed a basic wheat-bran diet.
| Species | Diet | Total Carotenoids (μg/g) | Lutein (μg/g) | Canthaxanthin (μg/g) | β-Cryptoxanthin (μg/g) | Unidentified Carotenoid (μg/g) | β-Carotene (μg/g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tropical House Cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus) | Wheat-Bran | 2.7 | 2 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.5 |
| House Cricket (Acheta domesticus) | Wheat-Bran | 3.2 | 2.3 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.7 |
| Two Spotted Cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) | Wheat-Bran | 3.5 | 2.5 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.8 |
| Tropical House Cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus) | Vegetable | 5.7 | 4.3 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.9 |
| House Cricket (Acheta domesticus) | Vegetable | 6.5 | 4.9 | 0 | 0.6 | 0 | 1 |
| Two Spotted Cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) | Vegetable | 7 | 5.2 | 0 | 0.7 | 0 | 1.1 |
How to Improve the Nutritional Value of Crickets for Reptiles
To improve the value of crickets for bearded dragons gut loading (2 days before) and dusting (immediately prior) are essential before being offered as food to bearded dragons.
Gut loading involves feeding crickets nutrient-dense diets designed to boost their nutritional content before they are offered to reptiles. Dusting involves covering the insects with nutrients like calcium and vitamins.
Gut Loading Diet Research
Finke’s 2015 study showed that crickets’ nutritional value can be significantly improved with gut-loading using specific ingredients. By adding flaxseed, canola oil, and fish oil to their diet, crickets experienced a notable increase in vitamin E, reaching 53.7 IU/kg, and a boost in omega-3 fatty acids, making them far more nutritious than crickets on a standard diet.
Similarly, by including carrots, sweet potatoes, and leafy greens like kale or spinach, the crickets’ beta-carotene levels increased to 2.72 mg/kg, and lutein levels reached 0.204 mg/kg. These enhancements improved the carotenoid value of crickets, making them a better source of nutrients essential for reptiles’ vision, skin health, and immune function.
Recipe 1: Nutrient-Boosting Gut-Loading Recipe to Improve the Nutritional Value of Crickets
Here is an adapted gut-loading meal plan based on Finke’s 2015 study to replicate the improvements in the nutritional value of crickets for bearded dragons. This recipe makes approximately 250 grams of cricket gut-loading feed.
Ingredients:
- Flaxseed Meal: ½-1 tablespoons
- Canola Oil: ½ teaspoon
- Fish Oil: ½ teaspoon
- Shredded Carrots or Sweet Potatoes: 50 grams
- Leafy Greens (Kale or Spinach): 25-50 grams
- High-Calcium Powder: ¼ teaspoon
Preparation: Mix all the dry ingredients (flaxseed meal, carrots, leafy greens, calcium powder) and coat lightly with canola and fish oil. Ensure that the crickets have access to this gut-loading diet for 48-72 hours before feeding them to your reptile.
Always provide fresh water to crickets during the gut-loading process to keep them hydrated and healthy. Do not offer vegetation as a water source.
Recipe Breakdown: Why and How it Works
1. Flaxseed Meal
- Why it’s added: Flaxseed meal is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for reptile health. Omega-3s support heart function and reduce inflammation. Omega-3s also help balance the fatty acid profile of crickets, improving their nutritional value for reptiles (Finke, 2015).
- How it works: Crickets digest and store these beneficial fatty acids, passing them on to your reptile when consumed.
2. Canola Oil
- Why it’s added: Canola oil is included for its combination of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Omega-6s support skin and coat health, while omega-3s work synergistically to improve immune response and reduce inflammation (Finke, 2015).
- How it works: The oil increases the crickets’ fat content, providing a balanced fatty acid profile.
3. Fish Oil
- Why it’s added: Fish oil boosts vitamin E and further increases omega-3 fatty acids in crickets. Vitamin E acts as a crucial antioxidant, protecting your reptile’s cells from oxidative damage (Finke, 2015).
- How it works: The combination of fish oil and flaxseed ensures a healthy ratio of omega-3 fatty acids, making crickets a more nutritious feeder option.
4. Shredded Carrots and Sweet Potatoes
- Why it’s added: These vegetables are rich in beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A (Hunt et al., 2014). Vitamin A is vital for reptiles’ vision, skin health, and immune system. Crickets don’t naturally contain vitamin A, but gut-loading with beta-carotene helps provide this important nutrient (Finke, 2015). In addition, carrots improve lutein (Hunt et al., 2014).
- How it works: Crickets store beta-carotene, which is then converted to vitamin A in your reptile’s body.
5. Leafy Greens (Kale or Spinach)
- Why it’s added: Kale and spinach are rich in lutein, another carotenoid that supports healthy vision and reptiles’ skin. Lutein is also an antioxidant that protects cells from damage (Finke, 2015).
- How it works: Crickets absorb lutein, which benefits reptiles by improving their vision and protecting their skin.
6. High-Calcium Powder
- Why it’s added: Crickets have a poor calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (1:6), which needs to be corrected for reptiles. Adding high-calcium powder ensures that the crickets have enough calcium to support your reptile’s skeletal health (Finke, 2015).
- How it works: Gut-loading with calcium powder increases calcium levels in crickets, helping reptiles avoid calcium deficiencies and metabolic bone disease.
7. Fresh Water Source
- Why it’s added: Proper hydration is essential for crickets to digest and absorb the nutrients from the gut-loading diet. Fresh water prevents dehydration, ensuring the crickets remain healthy and nutrient-dense when fed to your reptile.
- How it works: Properly hydrated crickets can better absorb the gut-loading nutrients, making them more nutritious for your pet.
Recipe 2: Nutrient-Boosting Gut-Loading Recipe to Improve the Nutritional Value of Crickets
Based on Attard’s 2013 research, another effective gut-loading diet was developed to improve crickets’ value. This recipe successfully boosted levels of essential nutrients, including calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin E, after crickets consumed the diet for 24-48 hours.
The recipe below for gut-loading crickets makes approximately 250 grams of food.
Ingredients:
- Full Fat Soya Flour: 100 grams (40%)
- Sweet Potato Flour: 50 grams (20%)
- Spirulina (Aquatic Algae): 37.5 grams (15%)
- Crushed Rabbit Pellets: 62.5 grams (25%)
Instructions:
- Mix all the ingredients thoroughly to ensure an even distribution of nutrients.
- Feed this gut-loading mixture to your crickets for 24-48 hours before offering them to your reptile, ensuring that they consume the nutrient-dense diet.
This recipe enhances the nutritional value of crickets for reptiles by improving their calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin E levels.
In Attard’s study, the gut-loaded crickets showed:
- Vitamin A (retinyl acetate) levels of 12,607 IU/kg.
- Vitamin E levels of 342 IU/kg.
- Calcium levels achieved a calcium-to-phosphorus ratio of 1.13:1.
Freezing the Gut-Loading Recipe for Busy Pet Owners Plus Nutrient Preservation
Freezing gut-loading mixtures is a great option for busy pet owners who have little time but are looking to improve the value of crickets. With proper preparation, the gut-loading recipe can be frozen without losing too much of the nutrient content, ensuring the value of crickets is improved when they are eventually fed to reptiles.
One convenient option is to make a larger batch and freeze it in ice cube trays. Once frozen, transfer the portions to a sealed bag or container and keep them in the freezer. This way, you can remove only what is needed each time you gut load your crickets.
Freezing your gut-loading recipe for crickets is an effective way to store the mixture, but how does freezing affect nutrient content?
Using techniques like blanching can help preserve a higher percentage of nutrients. Vitamins and fats such as Vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids remain largely stable during freezing, making it a viable option for long-term storage of the cricket gut-loading diet.
Carotenoids (including Beta-Carotene):
- Carotenoids, like beta-carotene, are generally more stable than water-soluble vitamins during freezing, but some nutrient loss can still occur. According to Rickman et al. (2007, Part 2), freezing results in a 10-30% loss of carotenoids over time. This is still relatively minor compared to other forms of storage, such as canning.
Vitamin E and Omega-3 Fatty Acids:
- Fats and fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin E, are generally stable during freezing, with minimal nutrient loss.
Water-Soluble Vitamins:
- Vitamins such as Vitamin C are more prone to degradation during freezing. Rickman et al. (2007, Part 1) found that freezing can lead to significant losses of vitamin C due to the sensitivity of water-soluble vitamins to temperature changes and oxidation. However, this is less relevant to carotenoids and other fat-soluble vitamins.
Procedures: How to Minimize Nutrient Loss When Freezing the Gut-Loading Recipe
To preserve carotenoids, Vitamin E, and omega-3 fatty acids effectively while freezing the gut-loading mixture, follow these steps:
- Blanch the Vegetables: Blanch carrots, sweet potatoes, or leafy greens like kale or spinach for 1-2 minutes before freezing. This step helps retain carotenoids by deactivating enzymes that can degrade these nutrients during freezing (Rickman et al., 2007, Part 2).
- Freeze Immediately: Store the mixture in airtight containers or freezer bags and freeze as soon as possible after preparation to reduce oxidation, which can lead to nutrient loss (Rickman et al., 2007, Part 1 & 2).
- Use Within 1-2 Months: For best results, use the frozen gut-loading recipe within 1-2 months to retain the maximum amount of beta-carotene and lutein, along with the stable vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids (Favell, 1998).
Procedures: How to Gut Load Crickets to Improve Nutritional Value to Reptiles
These gut-loading procedures are based on encouraging the crickets to eat as much as possible.
Effective gut loading requires:
- Gut loading takes 2 days: Crickets should be gut-loaded starting 2 days before feeding to ensure their gastrointestinal tracts are filled with a nutrient-dense diet.
- Environment and temperature: Maintain an optimal environment for crickets, including a temperature range between 26°C and 35°C, as their nutrient intake is positively correlated with ambient temperature (Livingston et al., 2014). Provide shelter and peace to avoid interrupting eating.
- Use fine food particles: Crickets prefer fine food particles to coarse ones (Finke, 2003), making it harder for them to sift out what they don’t want to eat.
- Place food dishes near their shelter: Crickets will visit their food dish more often if placed near their shelter (Attard, 2013).
6 Steps to Improving Nutritional Value by Dusting
Dusting crickets with calcium and vitamin powders is another way to enhance the value of crickets before feeding them to reptiles. Together with gut-loading, dusting helps address the natural deficiencies in crickets, making sure that the value of crickets remains high as part of a balanced diet.
Dusted crickets can clean over 50% of the supplements off their bodies within 2.4 minutes (Li et al., 2009), so it is important to feed them quickly once they have been dusted.
Michaels et al.. (2014) researched manipulating crickets’ nutritional value through dusting. Based on their findings, here is a simple dusting plan to improve crickets’ calcium content.
- Crickets: Younger crickets (nymphs) are better for improved results. Juvenile crickets have:
- Less fat.
- Slightly better calcium levels.
- Better retention of calcium, achieving higher calcium-to-phosphorus ratios than adult crickets.
- Calcium Powder: The following brands were used in the research with little difference in results:
- Zoo Med Repti Calcium
- Repashy SuperCal
- Exo Terra Calcium
- Calcium carbonate (standard calcium source but was not part of the research in this instance)
- Put your calcium powder and crickets in a plastic bag or container. Use a small bag or container to dust the crickets evenly. Sprinkle a small pinch of calcium powder into the bag or container. You want enough to lightly coat the crickets—about 1/8 teaspoon per 10 crickets.
- Place the desired number of crickets (depending on your bearded dragon’s feeding needs) into a small plastic bag or container.
- Shake Gently: Close the bag or container and shake gently to coat the crickets evenly with the calcium powder. Be careful not to crush the crickets.
- Feed Immediately: Feed the dusted crickets to your bearded dragon within 5 hours for maximum calcium benefit. Crickets will groom themselves, reducing the amount of calcium they retain over time (Michaels et al., 2014).
How Many Crickets do Bearded Dragons Eat?
Crickets should not be more than 50% of the insect portion of the diet (Barten, 2006). Based on the table in the post ‘Best Insects for Bearded Dragons: Nutrition & Feeding Guide’ in the section “How Many Insects can a Bearded Dragon Eat?” A juvenile bearded dragon can eat 17 large nymph stage crickets or 7 adults. The table below expands on the number of crickets a bearded dragon can eat based on life stages.
| Cricket Stage | Juvenile total of 2.6 gm | Young Adult total of 1.9 gm | Adult total of 1.125 gm |
|---|---|---|---|
| Large Nymph | 17 | 13 | 8 |
| Adult | 7 | 5 | 3 |
Weights of Crickets at Different Life Stages
The weight of crickets helps to calculate the number of crickets a bearded dragon can eat. The table below breaks down the weight of crickets based on their life stages.
| Life Stage | Weight (mg) |
|---|---|
| Pinhead | 2.5 mg |
| Small Nymph | 10 mg |
| Medium Nymph | 25 mg |
| Large Nymph | 150 mg |
| Adults | 390 mg |
| Gravid Female | 500 mg (with eggs) |
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Over-supplementation poses significant risks to health. Excessive calcium intake can lead to issues such as kidney problems, impaired mineral absorption, and metabolic imbalances.
Similarly, over-supplementing fat-soluble vitamins, particularly Vitamin A, can lead to hypervitaminosis A, a condition caused by excessive Vitamin A accumulation. This can result in toxicity symptoms, such as liver damage, skin disorders, and impaired bone development. Balancing calcium and vitamin levels carefully is essential to avoid these risks.
Reducing Chitin Issues
Chitin is a fibrous substance that can reduce protein digestibility and may lead to digestive issues like impaction if fed in excess. To reduce chitin intake, young crickets, which have slightly lower chitin levels, are fed. For more details on managing chitin in your bearded dragon’s diet, read the full post on chitin in insects. Crickets and cockroaches have similar chitin levels.
Conclusion on the Value of Crickets in the Diet
The value of crickets as feeder insects can be dramatically enhanced through proper gut-loading and dusting. While crickets may lack critical nutrients such as calcium and vitamins, the gut-loading recipes in this article ensure that your reptile gets the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, beta-carotene, and calcium, all contributing to better overall health.
By preparing nutrient-rich meals for your crickets and following the dusting process before feeding to your bearded dragon, you can greatly improve the quality of your reptile’s diet. Incorporating these techniques will increase the value of crickets and help your reptile thrive on an improved diet.
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